Economic feasibility of an energy efficiency project for a steam distribution system in a chemical industry
Main Article Content
صندلی اداریAbstract
Downloads
Article Details
1. Proposal of Policy for Free Access Periodics
Authors whom publish in this magazine should agree to the following terms:
a. Authors should keep the copyrights and grant to the magazine the right of the first publication, with the work simultaneously permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 that allows the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this magazine.
b. Authors should have authorization for assuming additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this magazine (e.g.: to publish in an institutional repository or as book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this magazine.
c. Authors should have permission and should be stimulated to publish and to distribute its work online (e.g.: in institutional repositories or its personal page) to any point before or during the publishing process, since this can generate productive alterations, as well as increasing the impact and the citation of the published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
Proposal of Policy for Periodic that offer Postponed Free Access
Authors whom publish in this magazine should agree to the following terms:
a. Authors should keep the copyrights and grant to the magazine the right of the first publication, with the work simultaneously permitted under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 [SPECIFY TIME HERE] after the publication, allowing the sharing of the work with recognition of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this magazine.
b. Authors should have authorization for assuming additional contracts separately, for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this magazine (e.g.: to publish in institutional repository or as book chapter), with recognition of authorship and initial publication in this magazine.
c. Authors should have permission and should be stimulated to publish and to distribute its work online (e.g.: in institutional repositories or its personal page) to any point before or during the publishing process, since this can generate productive alterations, as well as increasing the impact and the citation of the published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
d. They allow some kind of open dissemination. Authors can disseminate their articles in open access, but with specific conditions imposed by the editor that are related to:
Version of the article that can be deposited in the repository:
Pre-print: before being reviewed by pairs.
Post-print: once reviewed by pairs, which can be:
The version of the author that has been accepted for publication.
The editor's version, that is, the article published in the magazine.
At which point the article can be made accessible in an open manner: before it is published in the magazine, immediately afterwards or if a period of seizure is required, which can range from six months to several years.
Where to leave open: on the author's personal web page, only departmental websites, the repository of the institution, the file of the research funding agency, among others.
References
ACEEE – AMERICAN COUCIL FOR AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT ECONOMY (2016) The 2016 International Energy Efficiency Scorecard. Washington DC: ACEEE. Available: http://aceee.org/research-report/e1602. Access: 3rd April, 2017.
ASHRAE - AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (2007) Handbook 2007: HVAC Applications. Atlanta: ASHRAE.
ASSAF NETO, A. (1992) Quantitative methods for investment analysis. Caderno de Estudos, São Paulo, n. 6, p. 01-16. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-92511992000300001. Access: 20th March, 2017. [Portuguese]
BARROS, M. C. C.; MARQUES, J. A.; SILVA, R. R.; SILVA, F. F.; COSTA, L. T.; GUIMARÃES, G. S. (2015) Economic feasibility of crude glycerin use for finished lambs in confinement. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 36, n. 1, p. 443-452. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n1p443. Access: 20th March, 2017. [Portuguese]
BRAZIL (1997) Ministry of the Environment, Water Resources, and Legal Amazon. Law n.9.433: National Water Resources Policy. Brasília: Department of Water Resources. Available: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9433.htm. Access: 18th March, 2017. [Portuguese]
BRAZIL (2005) Foundation for the Technological Development of Engineering. Useful Energy Balance – BEU 2005. [Portuguese].
BRAZIL (2010) Ministry of Science and Technology. Greenhouse gases emissions in industrial processes: Chemical Industry/ Brazilian Chemical Industry Association (ABIQUIM). Reference report of the Second Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals. Brasília: MCT. Available: http://www.mct.gov.br/upd_blob/0228/228961.pdf. Access: 20th March, 2017. [Portuguese]
BRAZIL (2016) Energy Research Company (EPE). National Energy Balance, 2016 – Base year 2015. Rio de Janeiro: EPE. Available: https://ben.epe.gov.br/. Access: 20th March, 2017 [Portuguese].
BRAZIL (2017) Normative Instruction RFB nº1700, de 14 de março de 2017. Diário Oficial da República Federativa do Brasil, Brasília, DF, 16 mar. 2017. Seção 1, p. 23. Available: http://normas.receita.fazenda.gov.br/sijut2consulta/link.action?visao=anotado&idAto=81268#1706802. Access: 20th March, 2017. [Portuguese]
BRUNI, A. L.; FAMÁ, R. (2004) Financial Mathematics: with HP 12C and Excel. 3 ed. São Paulo: Atlas. [Portuguese]
CEB; FUPAI/ EFFICENTIA – BRAZILIAN ELECTRICAL CENTERS (2005a) Energy efficiency in the use of steam. Rio de Janeiro: Eletrobrás. [Portuguese]
CEB; FUPAI/ EFFICENTIA – BRAZILIAN ELECTRICAL CENTERS (2005b) Energy efficiency in steam use: practical manual. Rio de Janeiro: Eletrobrás. [Portuguese]
CENGEL, Y. A. (2003) Heat transfer: a practical approach. Nova Iorque: McGraw-Hill Inc.
CHEN, C. L.; LIN, C. Y. (2011) Design and optimization of steam distribution systems for steam power plants. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, v. 50, p. 8097-8109. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie102059n. Access: 18th March, 2017.
ÇOMAKLI, K.; YUKSEL, B.; ÇOMAKLI, O. (2003) Thermophysical Evaluation of energy and exergy losses in district heating network. Applied Thermal Engineering, v. 24, p. 1009-1017. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.11.014. Access: 18th March, 2017.
DALLA ROSA, A.; LI, H.; SVENDSEN, S. (2011) Method for optimal design of pipes for low-energy district heating, with focus on heat losses. Energy, v. 36, p. 2407-2418. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.01.024. Access: 18th March, 2017.
FGV – GETÚLIO VARGAS FOUNDATION (2017) IBRE – BRAZILIAN INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS. IGP-DI Report. Available: http://portalibre.fgv.br/. Access: 16th February, 2017. [Portuguese].
IPCC - INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE (2014) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. Genebra: IPCC. Available: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/. Access: 20th March, 2017.
ISOVER – SAINT GOBAIN (2010) Thermal insulation with Super Tel split pipes - Ruler nº 01. [Portuguese].
KAYFECI, M. (2014) Determination of energy saving and optimum insulation thickness of the heating piping systems for different insulation materials. Energy and Buildings, v. 69, p. 278-284. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.11.017. Access: 18th March, 2017.
KUZNETSOV, G. V.; POLOVNIKOV, V. Y. (2011) The conjugate problem of convective-conductive heat transfer for heat pipelines. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, v. 20, n. 2, p. 217-224. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S181023281102010X. Access: 18th March, 2017.
KRUCZEK, T. (2013) Determination of annual heat losses from heat and steam pipeline networks and economic analysis of their thermomodernisation. Energy, v. 62, p. 120-131. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.08.019. Access: 18th March, 2017.
LI, H.; SVENDSEN, S. (2012) Energy and exergy analysis of low temperature district heating network. Energy, v. 45, p. 237-246. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.056. Access: 18th March, 2017.
OZTURK, I. T.; KARABAY, H.; BILGEN, E. (2006) Thermo-economic optimization of hot water piping systems: a comparison study. Energy, v. 31, p. 2094-2107. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2005.10.008. Access: 18th March, 2017.
POLOVNIKOV, V. Y.; GUBANOV, Y. Y. (2015) Numerical analysis of a heat loss of channel-free heat pipeline in the real application conditions. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 82. Available: https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20158201008. Access: 18th March, 2017.
POLOVNIKOV, V. Y.; GUBINA, E. V. (2014) Heat loss of heat pipelines in moisture conditions of thermal insulation. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 76. Available: https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20147601029. Access: 18th March, 2017.
SANAEI, S. M.; NAKATA, T. (2012) Optimum design of district heating: application of a novel methodology for improved design of community scale integrated energy systems. Energy, v. 38, p. 190-204. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.12.016. Access: 18th March, 2017.
SEEG/OC – SYSTEM STUDY GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ESTIMATES/ CLIMATE OBSERVATORY (2016) General Emissions Table. Available: http://seeg.eco.br/tabela-geral-de-emissoes. Access: 7th January, 2016. [Portuguese]
SPIRAX SARCO (2006) Steam system evaluation of the Efficient Industry. [Portuguese].
TECHSOL (2016) Steam traps evaluation of the Efficient Industry. [Portuguese].
TSYGANKOVA, Y. S.; DMITRIENKO, M. A. (2014) Comprehensive definition of thermal losses taking into account to the conditions of thermal networks. MATEC Web of Conferences, v. 19. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20141901022. Access: 18th March, 2017.
UNFCCC - UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (2015) The Paris Agreement. Available: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php. Access: 1st May, 2017.
WYNN, G. (2015) Decoding the Paris climate deal: What does it mean? Climate Home. Politics, COP21. Available: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2015/12/12/decoding-the-paris-climate-deal-what-does-it-mean. Access: 17th March, 2017.